What's New in INES, No. 2/2003

	WHAT'S NEW IN INES?
No. 2/2003			Dateline: February 13, 2003

This is the weekly electronic information service of the International Network of Engineers and Scientists for Global Responsibility

Editor: Tobias Damjanov, e-mail:
WNII is archived at: http://inesglobal.org/archive.htm
INES homepages: http://inesglobal.org http://www.inesglobal.com/
INES International Office
INES Chair: Prof. Armin Tenner [Please note that the first "1" in q18 is the number one, while the last "l" is an "L"]

Dear WNII readers,
This is a WNII Special Issue covering items which I couldn't publish last December and January, when there had not been any WNII editions.

CONTENTS of WNII No. 2/2003

Membership + Projects' News:
The US Policy on Iraq (Special Section):
Special Section on the US Missile Defense Policy:
- Moving Beyond Missile Defense Berlin Conference, 24-26 January 2003
Nuclear Weapons:
- European scientific committee: Nuclear weapons and pollution linked to 65 million deaths
Whistleblowers:
- Mordechai Vanunu nominated for 2003 Nobel Peace Prize
Briefings:
INES Web- and Email Service

MEMBERSHIP AND PROJECTS' NEWS

USA: Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (NAPF)

The Sunflower, No. 67, December 2002
Back issues: http://www.wagingpeace.org/sf/backissues.html
Events are listed at: http://www.wagingpeace.org/calendar/events_current.html

The December 2002 issue of The Sunflower covers the following:

Perspective:
- December 10th Is Human Rights Day
- Bush Calls on Henry Kissinger (D. Krieger)
Action: National Action Alert: No Child Left Unrecruited? (see also: http://www.wagingpeace.org/new/getinvolved/index.htm)
Disarmament:
- U.N. Weapons Inspections Resume in Iraq
- Ukraine Set to Dismantle Missiles and Bombers
- U.S. Official Calls for Reevaluating the Need for Nuclear Weapons Testing
Proliferation:
- Oil Shipments to North Korea Halted; Future of Arms Control Unclear
- Russia Admits to Theft of Nuclear Materials
- U.S. Presents Russia with Finalized Plan for MOX Program
Missiles & Missile Defense:
- International Missile Code of Conduct is Launched
- Japan Looks to Step-up Missile Defense Efforts
- North Korea Threatens to End Missile-Test Moratorium
- Defense Minister says U.K. May Need Missile Shield
- U.S. & Russia Near Agreement in Joint Missile Defense Experiment
- U.S. Missile Defense Test Intercepts Target
Nuclear Matters:
- U.N. Cites Lasting Environmental Effects of Depleted Uranium Weapons
- Two Nuclear Submarine Accidents Result in Minor Damage
Nuclear Waste:
- Kazakhstan to Import Nuclear Waste as Solution to Domestic Waste Crisis
- Nuclear Waste Shipment in Germany Held Up by Protestors
- Arctic Burial Sites of Soviet Nuclear Waste Discovered
Nuclear Energy:
- Tighter Rules Proposed for E.U. Nuclear Safety
- Explosion at Indian Nuclear Fuel Complex under Investigation
- South Korea Agrees to Cooperate on Vietnam Nuclear Power Plants
- 20 Workers Contaminated at Nuclear Plant in Scotland
Revelations in Nuclear History:
- Britain Planned to Threaten Nazis with Nuclear Bomb
- Germany Warned U.S. Prior to Cuban Missile Crisis
Foundation News:
- Nuclear Age Peace Foundation President Visits Japan
- New Book: The Poetry of Peace
Resources:
- Fire in the Hole: Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Options for Counterproliferation," a new Carnegie Endowment for International Peace briefing by Michael Levi of the Federation of American Scientists: http://www.ceip.org/files/pdf/wp31.pdf
- Collateral Damage: The Health and Environmental Costs of War on Iraq, an insightful report recently issued by International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW): http://www.ippnw.org/CollateralDamage
- For an alternative perspective on the North Korea proliferation issue see South Korean NGO Recommendations for a Peaceful Solution of the North Korean Nuclear Issue on the Peacemaking website at: http://peacemaking.co.kr/pds/view.php?code=e_pds&idxno=41&start=0&search=0&find
- For information on how the mid-term US Congress will affect disarmament efforts see a new report by the British American Security Information Council entitled "The Republican Victory in the U.S. Congress: What Will It Mean for Nuclear Weapons and Missile Defense Policies?" http://www.basicint.org/pubs/Notes/2002USelection.htm
- Detailed charts of the successes and failures of all missile defense integrated flight tests held by the Missile Defense Agency as compiled by the Center for Defense Information: http://www.cdi.org/missile-defense/tests-gmd.cfm

The Sunflower, February 2003

The February 2003 issue of The Sunflower covers the following:

Perspective:
- Leading Scientists, Academics Speak Out Against War with Iraq (among other things, on the INES Meeting at Paris, 31 January-1 February 03
- See also: 41 American Nobel Laureates issued a statement opposing a preventive war against Iraq: http://www.nobellaureatesoniraq.org
Take Action: Hands Across the Globe: A New Peace Initiative http://www.wagingpeace.org/new/youtharea/hands_across_the_globe.htm
Disarmament:
- Inspectors Submit Iraq Report, Security Council to Convene
- U.S.-Russian Disarmament and Non-proliferation Programs Get a Boost
Proliferation:
- North Korea Says No Nuclear Weapons Plans, Wary U.S. Seeks Diplomatic Solution
- U.S. Pursues New Nuclear Bunker Buster Program
- India Sets up Nuclear Command and Questions No-First-Use Policy
- Fears over Brazil's Nuclear Program Stoked, then Tempered
Missiles & Missile Defense:
- U.S. Missile Defense Agency Scales Back Tests
- India Tests Agni Missile and Talks with U.S. on Missile Defense
- British Defense Minister Supports Approval for U.S. Missile Defense Radar
- Russian Defense Minister Announces Plans for Extensive Missile Defense
Nuclear Waste:
- British Energy Fined for Dumping Nuclear Waste
- Russian Whistle Blower, Grigory Pasko, Released
Nuclear Energy:
- Indonesia Plans First Nuclear Reactor by 2015
- Japanese Court Halted Monju Plant Reactivation
- U.S. to Rejoin Fusion Reactor Project
Nuclear Matters:
- Depleted Uranium in U.S. Military Exercises Meets Resistance
- British Claim al-Qaeda was Trying to Make a Dirty Bomb
- Bush Signs Off on Nuclear Powered Space Rocket Project
Foundation News:
- Moving Beyond Missile Defense Conference Convenes in Berlin [see also the corresponding press release elsewhere in this WNII issue]
- David Krieger Speaks in France and Germany *
- National Peace Education Gathering Assembles in Chicago
- Foundation Chair Richard Falk to Give the 2nd Annual Frank K. Kelly Lecture
Resources:
- The Iraq Crisis and International Law: A Nuclear Age Peace Foundation Briefing Booklet edited by Foundation Chair, Richard Falk, and Foundation President, David Krieger: http://www.wagingpeace.org/pdfs/iraq_reader.pdf
- Pakistan and India: Can Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers Help to Strengthen Peace? an occasional paper of the Henry L. Stimson Center By Colonel Rafi uz Zaman Khan: http://www.stimson.org/southasia/pdf/nrrcsouthasia.pdf

"Waging Peace" Winter 2002 http://www.wagingpeace.org

The Spring 2002 issue (Vol. 12, No. 3) of NAPF's print magazine "Waging Peace" carries the following:

The Bush Administration's Approach to Security in the Post 9/11 World (David Krieger)
War on Iraq: Counter-Proliferation or Myopic Militarism? (Devon Chaffee)
2002 Swackhamer Peace Essay Contest: "Policies & Public Awareness as Integral Ingredients to Nuclear Disarmament" (First Place Essay by Orr Ashenberg) The contest topic for 2003 is: "How would a Peace Education course in your school benefit students, the school, the community and the world? What lessens and issues do you think should be included in such a course?"
2002 Awards Dinner and Evening for Peace Honoring Architects of Justice
Symposium on International Law & the Quest for Security, 25 October 2002 plus "Program Updates" and "Highlights"

Recent articles by Dr. David Krieger

The following articles are either available from the WNII Editor as an rtf-formatted email attachment, or directly from David Krieger via

Security in the Post 9/11 World (posted on 17 December 2002)
On the Brink of War (posted on 7 February 2003)

Russia: Socio-Ecological Union: "The SEU TIMES" issues

For news in English see: http://www.seu.ru/news_en/npa.php

"The SEU TIMES" Socio-Ecological Union Newsletter, 6 December 2002
The 6 December 2002 special issue reports on the Campaign to Support Danube Biosphere Reserve Update
The SEU TIMES" No 10 (32) December 2002
No 10 (32) 2002 carries a statement by environmental NGOs from Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and Moldova on the occasion of the crash of the oil vessel "Prestige": The "Prestige" Disaster and Environmental Security
The SEU TIMES" No 11 (33) December 2002
No 11 (33) 2002 contains a Russian Business Environmental Rating called "The Dirty Thirteen". It is jointly put together by the International Socio-Ecological Union and BioDat Agency.
The SEU TIMES" No 12 (34) December 2002 No 12 (34) 2002 contains the following two items:
- Arrest in Turkmenistan. Immediate help needed for SEU member Farid Tukhbatullin (who had been arrested for his participation in a human rights meeting)
- Together we have saved the Danube Reserve! Letters to support the reserve came from 64 (!) countries
The SEU TIMES" No 2 (36) January 2003
No 2 (36) 2003 has one theme: Grigory Pasko, journalist and SEU member, after more than five years of investigation, courts and prison, is finally free!
"The SEU TIMES" No 3 (37) January 2003
The theme of No 3 (37) 2003 is " Unique European Forest Logged in Belarus. Belovezhskaya Pushcha, one of the oldest remains of European forests with centuries old trees, Is Sold For Export ."
"The SEU TIMES" No 4 (38) February 2003
No 4 (38) 2003 covers the following:
- European Commission issues controversial statement on funding new nuclear reactors in Russia
- Charges against Farid Tukhbatullin are forwarded to Prosecutor 's Office
- Press tour to Belovezhskaya Pushcha results
- Yukos Company dividend at the cost of National Park?

USA: Project on Defense Alternatives (PDA) of the Commonwealth Institute

Recent global security and US defense policy documents & analysis:

"Security After 9/11: Strategy Choices and Budget Tradeoffs" (January 2003) a collection of eight short articles by the Security Policy Working Group addressing US defense budget, counter-terrorism, homeland security, and military transformation issues: http://www.cdi.org/spwg
The Blix Report and other material bearing on the Iraq crisis and UN inspections is now available on the Project on Defense Alternatives web http://www.comw.org/pda
The "Defense Strategy Review" page has replaced the "QDR Page", collecting links to recent US military strategy documents, analysis, and commentary: http://www.comw.org/qdr

THE US POLICY ON IRAQ
(SPECIAL SECTION)

Open Letter to President Bush: War on Iraq? The Worst Remedy for the World 's Grave Problems (published as an advertisement in International Herald Tribune, 7 February 2003)

INES member Prof. Joseph Rotblat, together with two other Nobel Peace Prize Laureates, Rigoberta Menchú and Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, is among the signatories of the following Open Letter to US President Bush, which was also signed by the President and the Secretary-General of the International Peace Bureau, Cora Weiss and Colin Archer:

Going to war, any war, is always a step back. A failure for democracy, development and understanding: a defeat for the whole of humanity!

We have always been for life and against violence, but particularly since 11 September 2001. However, the belligerent attitude of the US towards Iraq threatens the foundations of world co-existence and international law. These are foundations that began to be laid after two world wars and under US leadership precisely to prevent war in the future.

Despite the efforts of the UN and several states to moderate the US tendency towards unilateral action (Security Council Resolution 1441 reopened the path towards a diplomatic solution of the conflict) it appears beyond doubt that, ignoring the results of the UN inspections and the serious objections of many people, institutions and governments all over the world, you are determined to unleash a war against Iraq, one certain to cause even more death, misery and desperation to a people already oppressed, their endurance tested to the very limit.

Despite the disinformation campaigns , the great majority of world public opinion sees no reason for preventive war. Does the US government really believe that it is helping to build a more peaceful and democratic world, a fairer, freer and safer world with disinformation campaigns and preventive wars? Are you deaf to the indignant clamour that rises from all over the planet and from within your own country?

We call on you to your great responsibility before history and to use the enormous resources available to you to help humanity recover its faith in itself as your country has done in the past. Do not help spread the harsh message that only economic interests, linked in this case to oil and the war industry, can move the world's powerful to take action and sow more violence poverty and hate around the world. Respond to these problems in a spirit of solidarity, justice and aid. This is what humanity needs and what it expects.

We continue to share and understand the American people's grief and fear over the tragic events of September 11. But the best way to prevent this pain from being repeated and from spreading, to erase the seed of terrorism from the face of the world is to do the opposite of what your are now doing.. We call on you to take a radical change of direction to build peace, justice and development in the world.

NGOs Seek General Assembly Role In Stopping War (Source: IPS, 3 February 2003)

A coalition of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is pressing member states for an emergency session of the U.N. General Assembly to try and resolve the ongoing crisis concerning Iraq. The coalition argues that the 15-member Security Council is deadlocked over how to deal with the alleged presence of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq and says the issue should be turned over to the Assembly. The New York-based Center for Constitutional Rights (*), which is leading the coalition campaign, has written to all 191 member states urging them to meet as soon as possible to consider the threat to international peace arising from the impending war against Iraq.

"If the U.N. Security Council cannot agree on Iraq, the whole issue should logically be moved to the General Assembly, which is a more democratic body," Center President Michael Ratner told IPS on Friday. Ratner said that the 191-member General Assembly, not the 15-member Security Council, really represents the will of the international community. The United States, he charged, is known to cajole, arm-twist and offer economic and military aid to member states in order to get votes in the Security Council. "But how many countries can the United States bribe in the General Assembly?" he asked.

(*) You can reach the Center through its President Michael Ratner: < >

Australian Senate passes Iraq no confidence motion (Source: News agencies, 5 February 2003

On 5 February, the Federal Senate of Australia has passed a motion of no confidence in the Prime Minister's handling of the growing Iraq crisis. The vote was carried 34 to 31 with the support of Labor, the Democrats, the Greens and Independent senators. The Federal Government was also formally censured. It followed an 11-hour debate over Australia's possible involvement in a pre-emptive military strike against Iraq and the forward deployment of troops. The motion declared opposition to a unilateral military attack on Iraq by the United States, insisted the disarmament of Iraq proceed under UN authority and expressed total opposition to any use of nuclear arms.

It was the first time in the 102 year history of the Australian parliament that the upper house has censured a serving prime minister with a vote of no confidence. Howard's conservative Liberal-National government was also censured in the motion, which condemned its decision to deploy troops to the Gulf without reference to parliament and contrary to public opinion.

SPECIAL SECTION ON THE US MISSILE DEFENSE POLICY

Moving Beyond Missile Defense Berlin Conference, 24-26 January 2003 (Source: Organizers ' Press Release, 3 February 2003)

War Is Not the Solution to the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Disarmament and cooperative security instead of missile defense

Amidst the global crisis centered on weapons of mass destruction (WMD), an international group of scientists and engineers met in Berlin to consider the state of arms control, non-proliferation, and the prospects for disarmament. The International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation (INESAP) and the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation brought together physicists, arms control experts, diplomats, and international lawyers from Europe, Russia, South America, China, and the United States for a conference on arms control and security issues in a Europe-Russia framework of common security.

The crises in Iraq and North Korea and the conduct of the United States shaped the context for discussion. Conference presenters gave an overview of key U.S. policies and actions affecting arms control, disarmament, and WMD proliferation. Issues they identified as particularly important included:

1) The U.S. policy of preventive war, including the intention to eliminate threats before they are fully formed;

2) An apparent willingness to act unilaterally, outside the international legal framework;

3) The potential use by the U.S. of nuclear weapons in response to weapons of mass destruction, including chemical and biological weapons;

4) Technology development aimed at making nuclear weapons more useable;

5) Development and deployment of ballistic missile defenses, including likely basing of missile defense components in Europe; and

6) Continuing efforts to develop weapons that operate through or from space= .

Conference participants described the corrosive effects of these policies and actions on existing arms control treaties, particularly the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). They noted that U.S. policies legitimate both the use of force and the possession of nuclear weapons. In addition, states that believe themselves threatened by overwhelming U.S. conventional forces and its doctrine of preventive war may be more likely to expand existing arsenals of missiles and WMD, or to seek to obtain them.

After considering the material at the conference, the sponsoring organizations reached the following conclusions:

War is not the answer to the dangers of weapons of mass destruction proliferation. Universal, comprehensive solutions should be sought through diplomacy. The nuclear weapons states should lead by example, fulfilling their Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) obligations to achieve nuclear disarmament, including the 13 practical steps set forth at the 2000 NPT Review Conference.
Ballistic missile defenses must be considered globally, rather than fro m the perspective of any individual state. These systems are destabilizing, extraordinarily expensive and unlikely to be effective. They are not intended as a substitute for nuclear deterrence, but rather to work togethe r with nuclear arsenals to assure domination by the most powerful states in all forms of warfare. To prevent an emerging missile threat, the international control and disarmament of ballistic missiles is more practical and more efficient.
Ballistic missile defenses also open the door to a new problem unique i n human history: the weaponization of space. Such an unprecedented step would undermine the security of all nations and spark an arms race of unimaginabl e complexity.
Despite today's dismal prospects, we must continue to explore obstacles and opportunities for universal, nondiscriminatory disarmament measures. Russia and Europe can play a key role, both immediately and in the long term. By insisting on peaceful solutions to proliferation dangers within th e framework of international law today, they can preserve the hope for genuin e progress towards elimination of all weapons of mass destruction in the future.

For further details contact: -- Nuclear Age Peace Foundation: < > -- International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation: < >

NUCLEAR WEAPONS

Abolition 2000 homepage: http://www.abolition2000.org Grassroots News: http://www.napf.org/abolition2000/news/

European scientific committee: Nuclear weapons and pollution linked to 65 million deaths (Source: The Independent, UK, 31 January 2003)

Pollution from nuclear energy and weapons programmes up to 1989 will account for 65 million deaths, according to the European Committee of Radiation Risk (ECCR), an international body of 30 independent scientists, led by Dr Chris Busby, a member of the British Government's radiation risk committee and adviser to the Ministry of Defence on the use of depleted uranium.

Research published on 30 January claims that previous figures massively underestimate the nuclear industry's impact on human life. The findings prompted immediate calls for the Government to rethink its support for the nuclear industry or share responsibility for millions of deaths worldwide. The report came as on the same day, the European Commission published two new draft directives setting up the first EU-wide standards on nuclear power plant safety, decommissioning and the management of radioactive waste.

The study by ECRR, which was formed in Brussels in 1998, is based on a risk assessment model developed over the last five years, and uses evidence from recent discoveries in radiation biology and from human epidemiology. It found that radioactive releases up to 1989 have caused, or will eventually cause, the death of 65 million people worldwide.

It concludes that the cancer epidemic is a result of pollution from nuclear energy and of exposures to global atmospheric weapons fallout, which peaked in the period 1959-63. The research cites evidence such as the levels of breast cancer in women who were adolescent between 1957 and 1963, when nuclear weapons testing was at its peak.

The ECRR findings challenge the conventional methods of calculating risk of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, which has been criticised as being too close to the nuclear industry.

WHISTLEBLOWERS

Mordechai Vanunu nominated for 2003 Nobel Peace Prize (Source: IPB Steering Committee member Fredrik S. Heffermehl, 29 January 2003)

15 Norwegian professors of different faculties have nominated Mordechai Vanunu for the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize, stating, among other things, that "nuclear technician and Honorary Doctor at University of Tromso, Mordechai Vanunu, still in prison in Israel, referring to his unselfish, deeply loyal to his nation, act of conscience and that a prize to Vanunu will emphasize the responsibility of the individual to prevent war and armaments".

See also: " The Case of Mordechai Vannunu. Preeminent Hero of the Nuclear Age " (31 January 03), by Mark Gaffney, an anti-nuclear activist and the author of a pioneering 1989 book about Israel's nuclear weapons program: http://www.counterpunch.org/gaffney01312003.html

BRIEFINGS

"Trust & Verify" No. 105/November-December 2002

The latest issue of "Trust & Verify", published by the London-based "Verification Research, Training and Information Centre (VERTIC)", carries the following:

UNMOVIC's balancing act (Trevor Findlay)
Verifying technology transfer controls: grasping at shadows? (Kenneth Boutin)
"Peace Missions Monitor":
- IRA breaks relations with decommissioning body
- US Sinai withdrawal denied
- OSCE verifies Georgia incident
- UN mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea faces non-compliance
"Verification Watch":
- OPCW on the mend?
- Andean peace and security zone
- Bio-weapons work plan agreed
- Trilateral Working Group [Russia-USA-IAEA] develops verification methods
- Cuba ratifies nuclear treaties
- North Korea's new bomb route
- Central Asian Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone
- Kyoto verification finalised
- CITES permits monitors ivory trade
"Science and Technology Scan": New method to detect anthrax *** Stats t= o pinpoint underground nuclear tests *** Tiny battery to provide power for 50 years
VERTIC News and Events:
- Verification Yearbook launch
- On-site inspection report published

"Disarmament Diplomacy" No. 68, December 2002/January 2003 http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd68/index.htm

The latest edition of " Disarmament Diplomacy " covers the following:

2002 round-up of the UN First Committee on Disarmament and International Security in New York, by Fiona Simpson, including a comprehensive appendix covering the 52 resolutions and decisions, with voting details from both the First Committee and the General Assembly
Resumption of the Fifth Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) in Geneva, by associate professor Marie Chevrier, University of Texas
Mark Smith, of the UK's Mountbatten Centre, reports from The Hague on mixed signals and low expectations from the launch of the International Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (ICoC).
From the US Union of Concerned Scientists, David Wright and Laura Grego warn of the emerging danger, related to US missile defence plans, of powerful new weapons systems capable of destroying satellites as well as missiles.
The News Review is dominated by the accelerating security crises regarding Iraq and North Korea. Also highlighted are the latest developments in US missile defence planning, moves by the US Department of Energy to enhance its nuclear Stockpile Stewardship Program, a tentative and perhaps temporary easing of military tensions between India and Pakistan, controversy and concern over the lethal use of incapacitating gas by Russian authorities to end the Moscow theatre siege, reflections on differences in US national security strategy today and during the Cuban Missile Crisis forty years ago, and comments by Nobel Peace Laureate Jimmy Carter and former UN chief weapons inspector Richard Butler on the urgent need for a good faith nuclear disarmament process.

Latest issue of UNEP's magazine "Our Planet" http://www.ourplanet.com

The theme of the current issue is "Globalization, Poverty, Trade and the Environment". Its contents include:

Abdoulaye Wade, President of the Republic of Senegal, calls for a more systematic linkage of poverty reduction and environmental management to bring development and ecological security;
Vicente Fox Quesada, President of the United Mexican States, calls for a global pact for viable, sustainable and shared development;
Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, President of the Republic of Uganda, says that fair trade is essential for sustainable development and environmental protection;
Supachai Panitchpakdi, Director-General, World Trade Organization, describes the challenges and opportunities in reconciling environmental protection and trade liberalization;
Hilde Johnson, Minister of International Development, Norway, says that the World Summit on Sustainable Development provided a basis for action, and urges rich countries to take full responsibility to deliver their commitments;
Pascal Lamy, EU Trade Commissioner, emphasizes the importance of biodiversity to developing countries and outlines moves to secure a fair deal on trade in its riches;
Josette S. Shiner, Associate United States Trade Representative, says that trade, environmental stewardship and economic development are mutually supportive goals;
Anita Roddick OBE, Founder of The Body Shop, says that true free trade can only come through a process of localization;
Antony Burgmans, Chairman of Unilever N.V., describes how his company and a non-governmental organization together joined forces to promote sustainability;
Jeffrey Sachs, Director of The Earth Institute, Columbia University, describes the positive and negative effects of globalization, and proposes ways forward to achieve sustainable development;
Daniel Chudnovsky, Professor of International Business and Development Economics, University of San Andres, Argentina, says that foreign direct investment by multinational companies may improve the environment in developing countries and calls for vigilance to ensure that this takes place;
A. Akaev, President of the Kyrgyz Republic, introduces the Bishkek Mountain Platform;
Paul Vallely, chair of Traidcraft Exchange from 1995-1999, charts the success of the fair trade movement, but asks whether it is an agent for change or merely a diversion from the real issues.

INES WEB AND E-MAIL SERVICE

No new or changed email or web addresses in this issue. All INES e-mail addresses and homepages are available upon request from:

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